An Appraisal of Policies on Environmental Conservation and Their Impact on Local Farming Practices in Keffi Local Government, Nasarawa State
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Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Environmental conservation policies have emerged as critical tools for addressing the adverse effects of climate change and environmental degradation on agriculture, particularly in rural areas. In Keffi Local Government, Nasarawa State, farming remains the primary livelihood for a majority of the population. However, unsustainable agricultural practices, deforestation, and soil erosion have contributed to declining productivity and food insecurity (Musa & Danladi, 2023). Policymakers have introduced various conservation initiatives, such as afforestation programs, soil fertility enhancement strategies, and water resource management, to mitigate these challenges. While these policies align with global sustainability goals, their impact on local farming practices has been mixed. Studies highlight a lack of farmer awareness, inadequate extension services, and limited access to conservation resources as major impediments (Eze & Ugwoke, 2024). Furthermore, the socioeconomic realities of smallholder farmers—who often prioritize immediate survival over long-term sustainability—pose additional barriers to policy adoption (Abdullahi & Samuel, 2025). This study evaluates the effectiveness of environmental conservation policies in Keffi, examining their influence on local farming practices and the challenges of implementation.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the introduction of environmental conservation policies, farmers in Keffi Local Government continue to experience declining agricultural productivity and worsening environmental conditions. The lack of alignment between policy objectives and the practical realities of smallholder farming has rendered many initiatives ineffective. For instance, afforestation programs often fail due to insufficient community participation, while soil fertility measures are hindered by the high cost of inputs (Eze et al., 2024). Additionally, weak institutional frameworks and limited government support have exacerbated these issues, leaving farmers ill-equipped to adopt sustainable practices. Without urgent intervention, the dual crises of environmental degradation and food insecurity will persist. This study seeks to investigate these challenges and propose actionable solutions.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the effectiveness of environmental conservation policies in Keffi Local Government.
2. To examine the impact of these policies on local farming practices.
3. To identify barriers to the successful implementation of conservation policies.
1.4 Research Questions
1. How effective are environmental conservation policies in addressing agricultural challenges in Keffi Local Government?
2. What impact do these policies have on local farming practices?
3. What are the major barriers to the successful implementation of conservation policies in Keffi?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1. Environmental conservation policies significantly improve farming practices in Keffi Local Government.
2. Implementation challenges hinder the success of conservation policies in Keffi Local Government.
3. Addressing implementation barriers will significantly enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability in Keffi.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study contributes to the understanding of environmental conservation policy effectiveness in rural agricultural contexts. By focusing on Keffi Local Government, it provides localized insights that are valuable for policymakers, agricultural extension workers, and development organizations. The findings will also serve as a resource for promoting sustainable farming practices, addressing policy gaps, and enhancing community engagement in conservation efforts. Furthermore, the research aligns with global efforts to achieve sustainable development, offering recommendations that can be adapted to similar contexts across Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study focuses exclusively on Keffi Local Government, examining the impact of environmental conservation policies on local farming practices. The scope does not include urban farming or other local governments in Nasarawa State. Limitations may include reliance on self-reported data and challenges in accessing government records.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
• Environmental Conservation: Efforts to protect and sustainably manage natural resources to prevent degradation.
• Local Farming Practices: Agricultural methods employed by smallholder farmers in a specific rural area.
• Policy Effectiveness: The degree to which a policy achieves its intended objectives.
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